English

Hawking radiation at the zero temperature limit

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology 2025-01-08 v2 High Energy Physics - Theory

Abstract

We show that the thermal radiation derived by Hawking can be smoothly extended to the T=0T=0 limit for Kerr black holes. The emission of the modes with ω>mΩ\omega > m\Omega comes to a halt as the surface gravity vanishes. However, Kerr black holes smoothly continue to radiate both in bosonic and fermionic modes with ω<mΩ\omega < m\Omega, at the T=0T=0 limit. We derive explicit expressions for the absorption probabilities which imply that the highest rate of emission pertains to the modes with ω=(mΩ)/2\omega=(m\Omega)/2, both for bosonic and fermionic cases. At the zero limit of thermal radiation, the number of emitted particles vanishes as ω0\omega \to 0, which strictly differentiates it from the non-thermal radiation of soft particles by extremal Kerr black holes. We also note that the thermal radiation at the zero limit, drives the black hole away from extremality in accord with the third law and the cosmic censorship conjecture

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2411.13066,
  title  = {Hawking radiation at the zero temperature limit},
  author = {Koray Düztaş},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2411.13066},
  year   = {2025}
}

Comments

Published as a letter in EPJC, references added

R2 v1 2026-06-28T20:05:54.870Z