Hamilton decompositions of all directed tori at odd modulus
Abstract
Let denote the directed Cayley graph on the positive coordinate basis, equivalently the Cartesian product of directed cycles of length . The equal side directed Hamilton decomposition problem asks when the arc set of partitions into directed Hamilton cycles. We prove that such a decomposition exists for every and every odd , settling the equal side directed Hamilton decomposition problem at all odd moduli. The proof combines root flat certificate theorem, a prefix count primitivity criterion, and a modular trade lifting theorem with two closure principles: the Cartesian product and the successor step . Together these propagate the small base dimensions to all . The boundary cases and , where the prefix-count family saturates its zero symbol budget, are handled by explicit non prefix zero set root flat certificates whose zero set compiler. An accompanying Lean 4 formalization verifies the main theorem and the finite certificate predicates.
Keywords
Cite
@article{arxiv.2605.04734,
title = {Hamilton decompositions of all directed tori at odd modulus},
author = {SangHyun Park},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2605.04734},
year = {2026}
}
Comments
Comments (arXiv metadata): v2: terminology revised ("zero-set compiler" replaces "selector tables" for the boundary cases); 11 figures added; expanded acknowledgements and AI-assistance disclosure; finite-certificate appendices reorganised. Mathematical content unchanged from v1