Groupes de monodromie finie des vari\'et\'es ab\'eliennes

The finite monodromy groups of abelian varieties over number fields have been introduced by Grothendieck. They represent the local obstruction to semi-stable reduction. In this paper we prove a criteria for finite groups to be realized as finite monodromy groups in given dimension. An application to the degree of semi-stability gives an effective version of Grothendieck's semi-stable reduction theorem in terms of the degree of the extension with regards to the dimension of the variety.