English

Ground states for 3D dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate involving quantum fluctuations and three-body losses

Analysis of PDEs 2020-11-03 v1

Abstract

We consider ground states of three-dimensional dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate involving quantum fluctuations and three-body losses, which can be described equivalently by positive L2L^2-constraint critical point of the Gross-Pitaevskii energy functional E(u) ⁣= ⁣12R3u2dx+λ12R3u4dx+λ22R3(Ku2)u2dx+2λ3pR3updx,E(u)\!=\!\frac{1}{2}\int_{{\mathbb{R}^3}} {|\nabla u|}^2dx+\frac{\lambda_{1}}{2}\int_{{\mathbb{R}^3}} {| u|}^4dx+\frac{\lambda_{2}}{2} \int_{\mathbb{R}^{3}}\left(K \star|u|^{2}\right)|u|^{2} d x+\frac{2\lambda_{3}}{p}\int_{{\mathbb{R}^3}} {|u|}^{p}dx, where 2<p<1032<p<\frac{10}{3}, λ3<0\lambda_{3}<0, \star is the convolution, K(x) ⁣= ⁣13cos2θ(x)x3 K(x) \!=\! \frac{{1-3{{\cos }^2}\theta(x) }}{{{{| x |}^3}}}, θ(x)\theta(x) is the angle between the dipole axis determined by (0,0,1)(0,0,1) and the vector xx. If λ1 ⁣ ⁣< ⁣ ⁣4π3λ2 ⁣ ⁣0{\lambda _1} \!\!<\!\! \frac{4\pi} {3} {\lambda _2}\!\leq\! 0 or λ1 ⁣ ⁣< ⁣8π3λ2 ⁣ ⁣0{\lambda _1} \!\!<\!- \frac{8\pi}{3} {\lambda _2}\!\leq\! 0, E(u)E(u) is unbounded on the L2L^2-sphere Sc ⁣:= ⁣{u ⁣ ⁣H1(R3):R3u2dx ⁣= ⁣c2}S_{c}\!:=\!\Big\{ u \!\in\! H^1({\mathbb{R}^3}): \int_{{\mathbb{R}^3}} {{|u|}^2}dx\!=\!c^2 \Big\}, so we turn to study a local minimization problem m(c,R0) ⁣:= ⁣infuVR0cE(u) m(c,R_0)\!:=\!\inf _{u \in V^c_{R_0}} E(u) for a suitable R0 ⁣> ⁣0R_0\!>\!0 with VR0c ⁣:= ⁣{u ⁣ ⁣Sc:(R3u2dx)12 ⁣< ⁣R0}V^c_{R_0} \!:=\!\left\{u \!\in\! S_c : \big(\int_{{\mathbb{R}^3}} {{|\nabla u|}^2dx}\big)^{\frac{1}{2}} \!<\!R_0\right\}. We show that m(c,R0)m(c,R_0) is achieved by some uc>0u_c>0, which is a stable ground state. Furthermore, by refining the upper bound of m(c,R0)m(c, R_0), we provide a precise description of the asymptotic behavior of ucu_c as the mass cc vanishes, i.e. [pλ32γc]1p2uc(x+yc2δpγc)Wp        in        H1(R3)        forsome        ycR3        as        c0+.{[\frac{{p|{\lambda _3}|}}{{2{\gamma _c}}}]^{\frac{1}{{p - 2}}}}{u_c}(\frac{{x + {y_c}}}{{\sqrt {2{\delta _p}{\gamma _c}} }}) \to {W_p}\;\;\;\;{\rm{in}}\;\;\;\;{H^1}({\mathbb{R}^3})\;\;\;\;{\rm{for some}}\;\;\;\;{y_c} \in {\mathbb{R}^3}\;\;\;\;{\rm{as}}\;\;\;\;c \to {0^ + }.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2011.00804,
  title  = {Ground states for 3D dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate involving quantum fluctuations and three-body losses},
  author = {Xiao Luo and Tao Yang},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2011.00804},
  year   = {2020}
}