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Gravitational $ D$-Form Factor: The $\sigma$-Meson as a Dilaton confronted with Lattice Data

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology 2026-03-31 v2 High Energy Physics - Lattice High Energy Physics - Theory Nuclear Theory

Abstract

We investigate the nucleon and pion gravitational DD-form factors, by fitting a σ/f0(500)\sigma/f_0(500)-meson pole, together with a background term, to lattice data at mπ170MeVm_\pi \approx 170\text{MeV}. We find that the fitted residues are compatible with predictions from dilaton effective theory. In this framework, the σ\sigma-meson takes on the role of the dilaton, the Goldstone boson of spontaneously broken scale symmetry. These results support the idea that QCD may be governed by an infrared fixed point and offer a physical interpretation of the DD-form factor (or DD-term) in the soft limit.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2508.18537,
  title  = {Gravitational $ D$-Form Factor: The $\sigma$-Meson as a Dilaton confronted with Lattice Data},
  author = {Roy Stegeman and Roman Zwicky},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2508.18537},
  year   = {2026}
}

Comments

27 pages plus refs, 6 figures and 3 tables, better motivation of fit ansatz and residue interpretation (added appendix C with comparison plots to other fits)

R2 v1 2026-07-01T05:05:34.120Z