English

Geometric Entropy and Retrieval Phase Transitions in Continuous Thermal Dense Associative Memory

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks 2026-05-07 v2 Machine Learning

Abstract

We study the thermodynamic memory capacity of modern Hopfield networks (Dense Associative Memory models) with continuous states under geometric constraints, extending classical analyses of pairwise associative memory. We derive thermodynamic phase boundaries for Dense Associative Memory networks with exponential capacity M=eαNM = e^{\alpha N}, comparing Gaussian (LSE) and Epanechnikov (LSR) kernels. For continuous neurons on an NN-sphere, the geometric entropy depends solely on the spherical geometry, not the kernel. In the sharp-kernel regime, the maximum theoretical capacity α=0.5\alpha = 0.5 is achieved at zero temperature; below this threshold, a critical line separates retrieval from non-retrieval. The two kernels differ qualitatively in their phase boundary structure: for LSE, a critical line exists at all loads α>0\alpha > 0. For LSR, the finite support introduces a threshold αth\alpha_{\text{th}} below which no spurious patterns contribute to the noise floor, and no critical line exists -- retrieval is perfect at any temperature. These results advance the theory of high-capacity associative memory and clarify fundamental limits of retrieval robustness in modern attention-like memory architectures.

Cite

@article{arxiv.2604.07401,
  title  = {Geometric Entropy and Retrieval Phase Transitions in Continuous Thermal Dense Associative Memory},
  author = {Tatiana Petrova and Evgeny Polyachenko and Radu State},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2604.07401},
  year   = {2026}
}

Comments

Proceedings of the 43rd International Conference on Machine Learning, Seoul, South Korea. PMLR 306, 2026

R2 v1 2026-07-01T11:59:49.263Z