Generating accurate tip angles for NMR outside the rotating-wave approximation
Abstract
The generation of accurate tip angles is critical for many applications of nuclear magnetic resonance. In low static field, with a linear rather than circular polarized rf field, the rotating-wave approximation may no longer hold and significant deviations from expected trajectories on the Bloch sphere can occur. For rectangular rf pulses, the effects depend strongly on the phase of the rf field and can be further compounded by transients at the start and end of the pulse. The desired terminus can be still be achieved, however, through the application of a phase-dependent Bloch-Siegert shift and appropriate consideration of pulse timings. For suitably shaped rf pulses, the Bloch-Siegert shift is largely phase independent, but its magnitude can vary significantly depending on details of the pulse shape as well as the characteristics of the rf coil circuit. We present numerical simulations and low-field NMR experiments with 1H and 3He that demonstrate several main consequences and accompanying strategies that one should consider when wanting to generate accurate tip angles outside the validity of the rotating-wave approximation and in low static field.
Keywords
Cite
@article{arxiv.2209.03754,
title = {Generating accurate tip angles for NMR outside the rotating-wave approximation},
author = {Christopher P Bidinosti and Geneviève Tastevin and Pierre-Jean Nacher},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2209.03754},
year = {2022}
}
Comments
20 pages, 22 Figs, 52 references for the main body of the article, followed by pages 21-26 of supplemental material (4 Figs, 9 refs.) Minor changes, mostly in Sec. 2.2, were made in this accepted version to clarify the definition of the Bloch-Siegert shift for pulsed rf excitation, in line with that of the original work for CW rf excitation