English

Generating 56-bit passwords using Markov Models (and Charles Dickens)

Cryptography and Security 2015-03-02 v1

Abstract

We describe a password generation scheme based on Markov models built from English text (specifically, Charles Dickens' *A Tale Of Two Cities*). We show a (linear-running-time) bijection between random bitstrings of any desired length and generated text, ensuring that all passwords are generated with equal probability. We observe that the generated passwords appear to strike a reasonable balance between memorability and security. Using the system, we get 56-bit passwords like 'The cusay is wither?" t', rather than passwords like 'tQ$%Xc4Ef'.

Cite

@article{arxiv.1502.07786,
  title  = {Generating 56-bit passwords using Markov Models (and Charles Dickens)},
  author = {John Clements},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:1502.07786},
  year   = {2015}
}

Comments

5 pages, 2 figures

R2 v1 2026-06-22T08:39:24.006Z