English

Generalizing Ruth-Aaron Numbers

Number Theory 2020-10-29 v1

Abstract

Let f(n)f(n) be the sum of the prime divisors of nn, counted with multiplicity; thus f(2020)f(2020) =f(225101)=110= f(2^2 \cdot 5 \cdot 101) = 110. Ruth-Aaron numbers, or integers nn with f(n)=f(n+1)f(n)=f(n+1), have been an interest of many number theorists since the famous 1974 baseball game gave them the elegant name after two baseball stars. Many of their properties were first discussed by Erd\"os and Pomerance in 1978. In this paper, we generalize their results in two directions: by raising prime factors to a power and allowing a small difference between f(n)f(n) and f(n+1)f(n+1). We prove that the number of integers up to xx with fr(n)=fr(n+1)f_r(n)=f_r(n+1) is O(x(loglogx)3logloglogx(logx)2)O\left(\frac{x(\log\log x)^3\log\log\log x}{(\log x)^2}\right), where fr(n)f_r(n) is the Ruth-Aaron function replacing each prime factor with its rr-th power. We also prove that the density of nn remains 00 if fr(n)fr(n+1)k(x)|f_r(n)-f_r(n+1)|\leq k(x), where k(x)k(x) is a function of xx with relatively low rate of growth. Moreover, we further the discussion of the infinitude of Ruth-Aaron numbers and provide a few possible directions for future study.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2010.14990,
  title  = {Generalizing Ruth-Aaron Numbers},
  author = {Yanan Jiang and Steven J. Miller},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2010.14990},
  year   = {2020}
}
R2 v1 2026-06-23T19:43:01.266Z