General Relativistic Entropic Acceleration at the perturbation level: a CLASS implementation and first Boltzmann-code constraints
Abstract
General Relativistic Entropic Acceleration (GREA) attributes the late-time acceleration of the Universe to the entropy growth of the causal cosmological horizon, without a cosmological constant, with a phenomenology fixed by the single parameter . The model has so far been confronted with data only at the background level. We present its first implementation within an Einstein-Boltzmann solver: the GREA background is integrated directly into CLASS, while the entropic component is evolved as an effective fluid regulated by the parametrized-post-Friedmann scheme, giving access to the full CMB and matter power spectra. A Markov-chain Monte Carlo analysis with COBAYA against the full primary-CMB likelihoods, DESI DR2 BAO and Type Ia supernovae constrains the coupling , in excellent agreement with the theoretical prediction, with a fit matching CDM to within despite the addition of a single free parameter. The equation of state inferred from the data agrees with binned, model-independent reconstructions and exhibits a second crossing of the phantom divide at , a distinctive prediction of the thermodynamic dynamics rather than of an imposed parametrization.
Cite
@article{arxiv.2607.25841,
title = {General Relativistic Entropic Acceleration at the perturbation level: a CLASS implementation and first Boltzmann-code constraints},
author = {Simone D'Onofrio and Dong Ha Lee and Eleonora Di Valentino and Juan García-Bellido},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2607.25841},
year = {2026}
}
Comments
21 pages, 15 figures