English

General Relativistic Entropic Acceleration at the perturbation level: a CLASS implementation and first Boltzmann-code constraints

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology 2026-07-28 v1 Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics

Abstract

General Relativistic Entropic Acceleration (GREA) attributes the late-time acceleration of the Universe to the entropy growth of the causal cosmological horizon, without a cosmological constant, with a phenomenology fixed by the single O(1)\mathcal{O}(1) parameter α\alpha. The model has so far been confronted with data only at the background level. We present its first implementation within an Einstein-Boltzmann solver: the GREA background is integrated directly into CLASS, while the entropic component is evolved as an effective fluid regulated by the parametrized-post-Friedmann scheme, giving access to the full CMB and matter power spectra. A Markov-chain Monte Carlo analysis with COBAYA against the full primary-CMB likelihoods, DESI DR2 BAO and Type Ia supernovae constrains the coupling α1\alpha \sim 1, in excellent agreement with the theoretical prediction, with a fit matching Λ\LambdaCDM to within Δχ26|\Delta\chi^2| \lesssim 6 despite the addition of a single free parameter. The equation of state inferred from the data agrees with binned, model-independent reconstructions and exhibits a second crossing of the phantom divide at z2z \simeq 2, a distinctive prediction of the thermodynamic dynamics rather than of an imposed parametrization.

Cite

@article{arxiv.2607.25841,
  title  = {General Relativistic Entropic Acceleration at the perturbation level: a CLASS implementation and first Boltzmann-code constraints},
  author = {Simone D'Onofrio and Dong Ha Lee and Eleonora Di Valentino and Juan García-Bellido},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2607.25841},
  year   = {2026}
}

Comments

21 pages, 15 figures