G-levels of perfect complexes

We prove that a commutative noetherian ring $R$ is Gorenstein of dimension at most $d$ if $d+1$ is an upper bound on the G-levels of perfect $R$-complexes. For $R$ local, we prove a formula for levels, with respect to injective or Gorenstein injective $R$-modules, of $R$-complexes with finitely generated homology; it mimics Bass' classic formula for injective dimension of finitely generated $R$-modules.