English

Full-sky Models of Galactic Microwave Emission and Polarization at Sub-arcminute Scales for the Python Sky Model

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics 2025-12-24 v2 Astrophysics of Galaxies

Abstract

Polarized foreground emission from the Galaxy is one of the biggest challenges facing current and upcoming cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization experiments. We develop new models of polarized Galactic dust and synchrotron emission at CMB frequencies that draw on the latest observational constraints, that employ the ``polarization fraction tensor'' framework to couple intensity and polarization in a physically motivated way, and that allow for stochastic realizations of small-scale structure at sub-arcminute angular scales currently unconstrained by full-sky data. We implement these models into the publicly available Python Sky Model (PySM) software and additionally provide PySM interfaces to select models of dust and CO emission from the literature. We characterize the behavior of each model by quantitatively comparing it to observational constraints in both maps and power spectra, demonstrating an overall improvement over previous PySM models. Finally, we synthesize models of the various Galactic foreground components into a coherent suite of three plausible microwave skies that span a range of astrophysical complexity allowed by current data.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2502.20452,
  title  = {Full-sky Models of Galactic Microwave Emission and Polarization at Sub-arcminute Scales for the Python Sky Model},
  author = {Experiment Galactic Science Group and Julian Borrill and Susan E. Clark and Jacques Delabrouille and Andrei V. Frolov and Shamik Ghosh and Brandon S. Hensley and Monica D. Hicks and Nicoletta Krachmalnicoff and King Lau and Myra M. Norton and Clement Pryke and Giuseppe Puglisi and Mathieu Remazeilles and Elisa Russier and Benjamin Thorne and Jian Yao and Andrea Zonca},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2502.20452},
  year   = {2025}
}

Comments

Updated to match version published in ApJ. 35 pages, 15 figures. A supplement describing author contributions to this paper can be found at https://pysm3.readthedocs.io/en/latest/pysm_methods_author_contributions.html