English

From Overload to Convergence: Supporting Multi-Issue Human-AI Negotiation with Bayesian Visualization

Human-Computer Interaction 2026-03-25 v1 Artificial Intelligence

Abstract

As AI systems increasingly mediate negotiations, understanding how the number of negotiated issues impacts human performance is crucial for maintaining human agency. We designed a human-AI negotiation case study in a realistic property rental scenario, varying the number of negotiated issues; empirical findings show that without support, performance stays stable up to three issues but declines as additional issues increase cognitive load. To address this, we introduce a novel uncertainty-based visualization driven by Bayesian estimation of agreement probability. It shows how the space of mutually acceptable agreements narrows as negotiation progresses, helping users identify promising options. In a within-subjects experiment (N=32), it improved human outcomes and efficiency, preserved human control, and avoided redistributing value. Our findings surface practical limits on the complexity people can manage in human-AI negotiation, advance theory on human performance in complex negotiations, and offer validated design guidance for interactive systems.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2603.22766,
  title  = {From Overload to Convergence: Supporting Multi-Issue Human-AI Negotiation with Bayesian Visualization},
  author = {Mehul Parmar and Chaklam Silpasuwanchai},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2603.22766},
  year   = {2026}
}

Comments

Accepted for publication to CHI 2026

R2 v1 2026-07-01T11:34:45.469Z