English

From Joint to Single-System Psi-Onticity Without Preparation Independence

Quantum Physics 2026-01-27 v1

Abstract

The Pusey-Barrett-Rudolph (PBR) theorem establishes ψ\psi-onticity for individual quantum systems, but its standard formulation relies on the Preparation Independence Postulate (PIP). This has led to a prevalent view that rejecting PIP leaves open the possibility of ψ\psi-epistemic models for individual systems. In this work, we show that this understanding is incomplete: once the PBR theorem establishes ψ\psi-onticity for composite systems prepared in product states, the ψ\psi-onticity of the individual subsystems follows directly from the tensor-product structure of quantum mechanics, without invoking PIP or any further auxiliary assumptions. This result removes a key auxiliary assumption from the PBR theorem, closes a persistent loophole for preserving ψ\psi-epistemic models, and strengthens the conceptual foundations of ψ\psi-ontology.

Cite

@article{arxiv.2601.17662,
  title  = {From Joint to Single-System Psi-Onticity Without Preparation Independence},
  author = {Shan Gao},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2601.17662},
  year   = {2026}
}

Comments

12 pages, no figures

R2 v1 2026-07-01T09:18:53.343Z