From graphemic dependence to lexical structure: a Markovian perspective on Dante's Commedia

This study investigates the structural organisation of Dante's Divina Commedia through a symbolic representation based on vowel-consonant (V/C) encoding. Modelling the resulting sequence as a four-state Markov chain yields a parsimonious index of graphemic memory, capturing local persistence and alternation patterns. Across the poem, this index shows a slight but consistent increase from the Inferno to the Paradiso, indicating a directional shift in local dependency structure. Trigram analysis identifies a restricted set of recurrent configurations acting as graphemic probes, linking Markov patterns to lexical environments and orthographic phenomena such as apostrophised forms. A complementary classification analysis identifies cantica-specific lexical anchors, showing that local symbolic dependencies reflect both the separation among the three cantiche and a continuous progression across the poem. The results provide an interpretable framework connecting local symbolic structure with higher-level textual organisation.