Formality of Sphere Bundles

We study the formality of orientable sphere bundles over connected compact manifolds. When the base manifold is formal, we prove that the formality of the bundle is equivalent to the vanishing of the Bianchi-Massey tensor introduced by Crowley-Nordstr\"{o}m. As an example, this implies that the unit tangent bundle over a formal manifold can only be formal when the base manifold has vanishing Euler characteristic or a rational cohomology ring generated by one element. When the base manifold is not formal, we give an obstruction to the formality of sphere bundles whose Euler class is reducible.