A novel electromagnetic (EM) structure termed flexible continuous aperture array (FCAPA) is proposed, which incorporates inherent surface flexibility into typical continuous aperture array (CAPA) systems, thereby enhancing the degrees-of-freedom (DoF) of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems equipped with this technology. By formulating and solving a downlink multi-user beamforming optimization problem to maximize the weighted sum rate (WSR) of the multiple users with FCAPA, it is shown that the proposed structure outperforms typical CAPA systems by a wide margin, with performance increasing with increasing morphability.
@article{arxiv.2511.09244,
title = {Flexible Continuous Aperture Arrays},
author = {Kuranage Roche Rayan Ranasinghe and Zhaolin Wang and Giuseppe Thadeu Freitas de Abreu and Emil Björnson},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2511.09244},
year = {2025}
}