First Associated Neutrino Search for a Failed Supernova Candidate with Super-Kamiokande
Abstract
In 2024, a failed supernova candidate, M31-2014-DS1, was reported in the Andromeda galaxy (M31), located at a distance of approximately 770 kpc. In this paper, we search for neutrinos from this failed supernova using data from Super-Kamiokande (SK). Based on the estimated time of black hole formation inferred from optical and infrared observations, we define a search window for neutrino events in the SK data. Using this window, we develop a dedicated analysis method for failed supernovae and apply it to M31-2014-DS1, by conducting a cluster search using the timing and energy information of candidate events. No significant neutrino excess is observed within the search region. Consequently, we place an upper limit on the electron antineutrino luminosity from M31-2014-DS1 and discuss its implications for various failed SN models and their neutrino emission characteristics. Despite the 18 MeV threshold adopted to suppress backgrounds, the search remains sufficiently sensitive to constrain the Shen-TM1 EOS, yielding a 90% confidence level upper limit of 1.76 \times 10^{53} erg on the electron antineutrino luminosity, slightly above the expected value of 1.35 \times 10^{53} erg.
Keywords
Cite
@article{arxiv.2511.03470,
title = {First Associated Neutrino Search for a Failed Supernova Candidate with Super-Kamiokande},
author = {F. Nakanishi and K. Abe and S. Abe and Y. Asaoka and M. Harada and Y. Hayato and K. Hiraide and K. Hosokawa and T. H. Hung and K. Ieki and M. Ikeda and J. Kameda and Y. Kanemura and Y. Kataoka and S. Miki and S. Mine and M. Miura and S. Moriyama and M. Nakahata and S. Nakayama and Y. Noguchi and G. Pronost and K. Sato and H. Sekiya and M. Shiozawa and Y. Suzuki and A. Takeda and Y. Takemoto and H. Tanaka and T. Yano and Y. Itow and T. Kajita and R. Nishijima and K. Okumura and T. Tashiro and T. Tomiya and X. Wang and P. Fernandez and L. Labarga and B. Zaldivar and B. W. Pointon and C. Yanagisawa and E. Kearns and L. Wan and T. Wester and J. Bian and B. Cortez and N. J. Griskevich and Y. Jiang and M. B. Smy and H. W. Sobel and V. Takhistov and A. Yankelevich and J. Hill and M. C. Jang and S. H. Lee and D. H. Moon and R. G. Park and B. S. Yang and B. Bodur and K. Scholberg and C. W. Walter and A. Beauchêne and Le Blévec and O. Drapier and A. Ershova and M. Ferey and Th. A. Mueller and A. D. Santos and P. Paganini and C. Quach and R. Rogly and T. Nakamura and J. S. Jang and R. P. Litchfield and L. N. Machado and F. J. . P Soler and J. G. Learned and K. Choi and S. Cao and L. H. V. Anthony and N. W. Prouse and M. Scott and Y. Uchida and V. Berardi and N. F. Calabria and M. G. Catanesi and N. Ospina and E. Radicioni and A. Langella and G. De Rosa and G. Collazuol and M. Feltre and M. Mattiazzi and L. Ludovici and M. Gonin and L. L. Périssé and B. Quilain and S. Horiuchi and A. Kawabata and M. Kobayashi and Y. M. Liu and Y. Maekawa and Y. Nishimura and R. Akutsu and M. Friend and T. Hasegawa and Y. Hino and T. Ishida and T. Kobayashi and M. Jakkapu and T. Matsubara and T. Nakadaira and Y. Oyama and A. Portocarrero Yrey and K. Sakashita and T. Sekiguchi and T. Tsukamoto and N. Bhuiyan and G. T. Burton and F. Di Lodovico and J. Gao and T. Katori and R. Kralik and N. Latham and R. M. Ramsden and H. Ito and T. Sone and A. T. Suzuki and Y. Takeuchi and S. Wada and H. Zhong and J. Feng and L. Feng and S. Han and J. Hikida and J. R. Hu and Z. Hu and M. Kawaue and T. Kikawa and T. V. Ngoc and T. Nakaya and R. A. Wendell and S. J. Jenkins and N. McCauley and A. Tarrant and M. Fan`ı and M. J. Wilking and Z. Xie and Y. Fukuda and H. Menjo and Y. Yoshioka and J. Lagoda and M. Mandal and J. Zalipska and M. Mori and J. Jiang and K. Hamaguchi and H. Ishino and Y. Koshio and T. Tada and T. Ishizuka and G. Barr and D. Barrow and L. Cook and S. Samani and D. Wark and A. Holin and F. Nova and S. Jung and J. Yoo and J. E. P. Fannon and L. Kneale and M. Malek and J. M. McElwee and T. Peacock and P. Stowell and M. D. Thiesse and L. F. Thompson and H. Okazawa and S. M. Lakshmi and E. Kwon and M. W. Lee and J. W. Seo and I. Yu and Y. Ashida and A. K. Ichikawa and K. D. Nakamura and S. Goto and H. Hayasaki and S. Kodama and Y. Kong and Y. Masaki and Y. Mizuno and T. Muro and K. Nakagiri and Y. Nakajima and N. Taniuchi and M. Yokoyama and P. de Perio and S. Fujita and C. Jesús-Valls and K. Martens and Ll. Marti and K. M. Tsui and M. R. Vagins and J. Xia and M. Kuze and S. Izumiyama and R. Matsumoto and R. Asaka and M. Ishitsuka and M. Sugo and M. Wako and K. Yamauchi and Y. Nakano and F. Cormier and R. Gaur and M. Hartz and A. Konaka and X. Li and B. R. Smithers and S. Chen and Y. Wu and B. D. Xu and A. Q. Zhang and B. Zhang and H. Adhikary and M. Girgus and P. Govindaraj and M. Posiadala-Zezula and Y. S. Prabhu and S. B. Boyd and R. Edwards and D. Hadley and M. Nicholson and M. O'Flaherty and B. Richards and A. Ali and B. Jamieson and C. Bronner and D. Horiguchi and A. Minamino and Y. Sasaki and R. Shibayama and R. Shimamura},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2511.03470},
year = {2025}
}
Comments
11 pages, 4 figures, and 1 table