English

Finite Sets with Fake Observable Cardinality

Dynamical Systems 2014-04-03 v1

Abstract

Let XX be a compact metric space and let A|A| denote the cardinality of a set AA. We prove that if f ⁣:XXf\colon X\to X is a homeomorphism and X=|X|=\infty then for all δ>0\delta>0 there is AXA\subset X such that A=4|A|=4 and for all kZk\in Z there are x,yfk(A)x,y\in f^k(A), xyx\neq y, such that dist(x,y)<δdist(x,y)<\delta. An observer that can only distinguish two points if their distance is grater than δ\delta, for sure will say that AA has at most 3 points even knowing every iterate of AA and that ff is a homeomorphism. We show that for hyper-expansive homeomorphisms the same δ\delta-observer will not fail about the cardinality of AA if we start with A=3|A|=3 instead of 44. Generalizations of this problem are considered via what we call (m,n)(m,n)-expansiveness.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.1404.0590,
  title  = {Finite Sets with Fake Observable Cardinality},
  author = {Alfonso Artigue},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:1404.0590},
  year   = {2014}
}
R2 v1 2026-06-22T03:41:18.415Z