English

Finding descending sequences through ill-founded linear orders

Logic 2024-01-31 v3 Logic in Computer Science Combinatorics

Abstract

In this work we investigate the Weihrauch degree of the problem DS\mathsf{DS} of finding an infinite descending sequence through a given ill-founded linear order, which is shared by the problem BS\mathsf{BS} of finding a bad sequence through a given non-well quasi-order. We show that DS\mathsf{DS}, despite being hard to solve (it has computable inputs with no hyperarithmetic solution), is rather weak in terms of uniform computational strength. To make the latter precise, we introduce the notion of the deterministic part of a Weihrauch degree. We then generalize DS\mathsf{DS} and BS\mathsf{BS} by considering Γ\boldsymbol{\Gamma}-presented orders, where Γ\boldsymbol{\Gamma} is a Borel pointclass or Δ11\boldsymbol{\Delta}^1_1, Σ11\boldsymbol{\Sigma}^1_1, Π11\boldsymbol{\Pi}^1_1. We study the obtained DS\mathsf{DS}-hierarchy and BS\mathsf{BS}-hierarchy of problems in comparison with the (effective) Baire hierarchy and show that they do not collapse at any finite level.

Cite

@article{arxiv.2010.03840,
  title  = {Finding descending sequences through ill-founded linear orders},
  author = {Jun Le Goh and Arno Pauly and Manlio Valenti},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2010.03840},
  year   = {2024}
}

Comments

Added errata. The problems $\mathsf{DS}$ and $\mathsf{BS}$ are not Weihrauch-equivalent, and the separation has been proved in arXiv:2401.11807. Please check the errata for the full list of changes

R2 v1 2026-06-23T19:09:46.320Z