English

Fast randomized least-squares solvers can be just as accurate and stable as classical direct solvers

Numerical Analysis 2025-08-21 v3 Numerical Analysis

Abstract

One of the greatest success stories of randomized algorithms for linear algebra has been the development of fast, randomized algorithms for highly overdetermined linear least-squares problems. However, none of the existing algorithms is backward stable, preventing them from being deployed as drop-in replacements for existing QR-based solvers. This paper introduces sketch-and-precondition with iterative refinement (SPIR) and FOSSILS, two provably backward stable randomized least-squares solvers. SPIR and FOSSILS combine iterative refinement with a preconditioned iterative method applied to the normal equations and converge at the same rate as existing randomized least-squares solvers. This work offers the promise of incorporating randomized least-squares solvers into existing software libraries while maintaining the same level of accuracy and stability as classical solvers.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2406.03468,
  title  = {Fast randomized least-squares solvers can be just as accurate and stable as classical direct solvers},
  author = {Ethan N. Epperly and Maike Meier and Yuji Nakatsukasa},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2406.03468},
  year   = {2025}
}

Comments

45 pages, 6 figures; v3 revisions to improve presentation and clarity

R2 v1 2026-06-28T16:54:53.525Z