Extending the Trusted Path in Client-Server Interaction

We present a method to secure the complete path between a server and the local human user at a network node. This is useful for scenarios like internet banking, electronic signatures, or online voting. Protection of input authenticity and output integrity and authenticity is accomplished by a combination of traditional and novel technologies, e.g., SSL, ActiveX, and DirectX. Our approach does not require administrative privileges to deploy and is hence suitable for consumer applications. Results are based on the implementation of a proof-of-concept application for the Windows platform.