English

Exploring the fluid behavior in p+p collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13 \mathrm{TeV}$ with viscous anisotropic hydrodynamics

Nuclear Theory 2025-10-07 v2 High Energy Physics - Phenomenology Nuclear Experiment

Abstract

The applicability of hydrodynamics in small collision systems remains controversial due to the small size and short lifetime of the system. In this letter, we employ viscous anisotropic hydrodynamics (VAH), which incorporates large pressure anisotropies, to study the collectivity in p+p collisions at s=13TeV\sqrt{s}=13 \mathrm{TeV}.VAH provides a good description for v2{2}v_{2}\{2\} and v3{2}v_{3}\{2\} over a wide range of multiplicities and correctly reproduces the experimentally observed negative c2{4}c_{2}\{4\}. Traditional second-order viscous hydrodynamics (VH), on the other hand, can describe the measurements, in particular the negative c2{4}c_{2}\{4\}, only with model parameters for which the bulk of the evolution is characterized by large values of the shear Knudsen number. It also can not capture the large longitudinal/transverse pressure anisotropy during the early evolution. These demonstrate the failure of traditional viscous hydrodynamics in small collision systems and establish viscous anisotropic hydrodynamics as a more reliable framework to describe the bulk evolution and the observed anisotropic flow in p-p collisions at the LHC.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2509.03841,
  title  = {Exploring the fluid behavior in p+p collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13 \mathrm{TeV}$ with viscous anisotropic hydrodynamics},
  author = {Shujun Zhao and Yiyang Peng and Ulrich W. Heinz and Huichao Song},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2509.03841},
  year   = {2025}
}

Comments

7 pages,3 figures