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Evolution from three-dimensional charge density wave to one-dimensional stripe order in CsV$_{3-x}$Ti$_x$Sb$_5$

Strongly Correlated Electrons 2026-01-15 v1 Superconductivity

Abstract

Understanding intertwined phases near quantum criticality is a central challenge in correlated electron systems. The kagome metal CsV3x_{3-x}Tix_xSb5_5 provides a fertile platform to investigate the interplay between charge-density-wave (CDW) and superconductivity. Here, combining x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), we uncover a dimensional evolution of the CDW upon Ti substitution. We find that even infinitesimal Ti doping (x = 0.009) completely suppresses the three-dimensional 2 ×\times 2 ×\times 4 CDW present in pristine CsV3Sb5, while reducing the remaining 2 ×\times 2 ×\times 2 CDW to a quasi-two-dimensional order. With further Ti substitution, although no CDW transition is discernible in resistivity measurements, our XRD and STM data reveal the emergence of a (quasi-)one-dimensional CDW with a short correlation length of \sim 20 A˚\AA at x = 0.2. The stripelike CDW undergoes a continuous second-order phase transition, characterized by a gradual increase in intensity and correlation length below \sim 56 K. Our results elucidate the dimensional evolution of CDW order in CsV3x_{3-x}Tix_xSb5_5 and provide new insight into understanding the unconventional CDWs and their role in kagome superconductors.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2601.09257,
  title  = {Evolution from three-dimensional charge density wave to one-dimensional stripe order in CsV$_{3-x}$Ti$_x$Sb$_5$},
  author = {Qian Xiao and Xiangqi Liu and Zihao Huang and Xiquan Zheng and Shilong Zhang and Hui Chen and Hong-Jun Gao and Yanfeng Guo and Yingying Peng},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2601.09257},
  year   = {2026}
}