Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1). The Strong Lensing Discovery Engine C: Finding lenses with machine learning
Astrophysics of Galaxies
2025-06-27 v2
Abstract
Strong gravitational lensing has the potential to provide a powerful probe of astrophysics and cosmology, but fewer than 1000 strong lenses have been confirmed so far. With a 0.16'' resolution covering a third of the sky, the Euclid telescope will revolutionise the identification of strong lenses, with 170 000 lenses forecasted to be discovered amongst the 1.5 billion galaxies it will observe. We present an analysis of the performance of five machine-learning models at finding strong gravitational lenses in the quick release of Euclid data (Q1) covering 63 deg2. The models have been validated by citizen scientists and expert visual inspection. We focus on the best-performing network: a fine-tuned version of the Zoobot pretrained model originally trained to classify galaxy morphologies in heterogeneous astronomical imaging surveys. Of the one million Q1 objects that Zoobot was tasked to find strong lenses within, the top 1000 ranked objects contain 122 grade A lenses (almost-certain lenses) and 41 grade B lenses (probable lenses). A deeper search with the five networks combined with visual inspection yielded 250 (247) grade A (B) lenses, of which 224 (182) are ranked in the top 20 000 by Zoobot. When extrapolated to the full Euclid survey, the highest ranked one million images will contain 75 000 grade A or B strong gravitational lenses.
Cite
@article{arxiv.2503.15326,
title = {Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1). The Strong Lensing Discovery Engine C: Finding lenses with machine learning},
author = {Euclid Collaboration and N. E. P. Lines and T. E. Collett and M. Walmsley and K. Rojas and T. Li and L. Leuzzi and A. Manjón-García and S. H. Vincken and J. Wilde and P. Holloway and A. Verma and R. B. Metcalf and I. T. Andika and A. Melo and M. Melchior and H. Domínguez Sánchez and A. Díaz-Sánchez and J. A. Acevedo Barroso and B. Clément and C. Krawczyk and R. Pearce-Casey and S. Serjeant and F. Courbin and G. Despali and R. Gavazzi and S. Schuldt and H. Degaudenzi and L. R. Ecker and W. J. R. Enzi and K. Finner and A. Galan and C. Giocoli and N. B. Hogg and K. Jahnke and S. Kruk and G. Mahler and A. More and B. C. Nagam and J. Pearson and A. Sainz de Murieta and C. Scarlata and D. Sluse and A. Sonnenfeld and C. Spiniello and T. T. Thai and C. Tortora and L. Ulivi and L. Weisenbach and M. Zumalacarregui and N. Aghanim and B. Altieri and A. Amara and S. Andreon and N. Auricchio and H. Aussel and C. Baccigalupi and M. Baldi and A. Balestra and S. Bardelli and P. Battaglia and R. Bender and F. Bernardeau and A. Biviano and A. Bonchi and D. Bonino and E. Branchini and M. Brescia and J. Brinchmann and S. Camera and G. Cañas-Herrera and V. Capobianco and C. Carbone and V. F. Cardone and J. Carretero and S. Casas and M. Castellano and G. Castignani and S. Cavuoti and K. C. Chambers and A. Cimatti and C. Colodro-Conde and G. Congedo and C. J. Conselice and L. Conversi and Y. Copin and A. Costille and H. M. Courtois and M. Cropper and A. Da Silva and G. De Lucia and A. M. Di Giorgio and C. Dolding and H. Dole and F. Dubath and C. A. J. Duncan and X. Dupac and S. Escoffier and M. Fabricius and M. Farina and R. Farinelli and F. Faustini and S. Ferriol and F. Finelli and S. Fotopoulou and M. Frailis and E. Franceschi and M. Fumana and S. Galeotta and K. George and W. Gillard and B. Gillis and P. Gómez-Alvarez and J. Gracia-Carpio and B. R. Granett and A. Grazian and F. Grupp and L. Guzzo and S. Gwyn and S. V. H. Haugan and W. Holmes and I. M. Hook and F. Hormuth and A. Hornstrup and P. Hudelot and M. Jhabvala and E. Keihänen and S. Kermiche and A. Kiessling and B. Kubik and M. Kümmel and M. Kunz and H. Kurki-Suonio and Q. Le Boulc'h and A. M. C. Le Brun and D. Le Mignant and S. Ligori and P. B. Lilje and V. Lindholm and I. Lloro and G. Mainetti and D. Maino and E. Maiorano and O. Mansutti and S. Marcin and O. Marggraf and M. Martinelli and N. Martinet and F. Marulli and R. Massey and S. Maurogordato and E. Medinaceli and S. Mei and Y. Mellier and M. Meneghetti and E. Merlin and G. Meylan and A. Mora and M. Moresco and L. Moscardini and R. Nakajima and C. Neissner and R. C. Nichol and S. -M. Niemi and J. W. Nightingale and C. Padilla and S. Paltani and F. Pasian and K. Pedersen and W. J. Percival and V. Pettorino and S. Pires and G. Polenta and M. Poncet and L. A. Popa and L. Pozzetti and F. Raison and R. Rebolo and A. Renzi and J. Rhodes and G. Riccio and E. Romelli and M. Roncarelli and R. Saglia and Z. Sakr and A. G. Sánchez and D. Sapone and B. Sartoris and J. A. Schewtschenko and M. Schirmer and P. Schneider and T. Schrabback and A. Secroun and G. Seidel and M. Seiffert and S. Serrano and P. Simon and C. Sirignano and G. Sirri and A. Spurio Mancini and L. Stanco and J. Steinwagner and P. Tallada-Crespí and A. N. Taylor and I. Tereno and S. Toft and R. Toledo-Moreo and F. Torradeflot and I. Tutusaus and E. A. Valentijn and L. Valenziano and J. Valiviita and T. Vassallo and G. Verdoes Kleijn and A. Veropalumbo and Y. Wang and J. Weller and A. Zacchei and G. Zamorani and F. M. Zerbi and E. Zucca and V. Allevato and M. Ballardini and M. Bolzonella and E. Bozzo and C. Burigana and R. Cabanac and A. Cappi and D. Di Ferdinando and J. A. Escartin Vigo and L. Gabarra and J. Martín-Fleitas and S. Matthew and N. Mauri and A. Pezzotta and M. Pöntinen and C. Porciani and I. Risso and V. Scottez and M. Sereno and M. Tenti and M. Viel and M. Wiesmann and Y. Akrami and S. Anselmi and M. Archidiacono and F. Atrio-Barandela and C. Benoist and K. Benson and P. Bergamini and D. Bertacca and M. Bethermin and A. Blanchard and L. Blot and M. L. Brown and S. Bruton and A. Calabro and F. Caro and C. S. Carvalho and T. Castro and Y. Charles and F. Cogato and A. R. Cooray and O. Cucciati and S. Davini and F. De Paolis and G. Desprez and J. J. Diaz and S. Di Domizio and J. M. Diego and A. Enia and Y. Fang and A. G. Ferrari and A. Finoguenov and A. Fontana and A. Franco and K. Ganga and J. García-Bellido and T. Gasparetto and V. Gautard and E. Gaztanaga and F. Giacomini and F. Gianotti and G. Gozaliasl and M. Guidi and C. M. Gutierrez and A. Hall and W. G. Hartley and C. Hernández-Monteagudo and H. Hildebrandt and J. Hjorth and J. J. E. Kajava and Y. Kang and V. Kansal and D. Karagiannis and K. Kiiveri and C. C. Kirkpatrick and J. Le Graet and L. Legrand and M. Lembo and F. Lepori and G. Leroy and G. F. Lesci and J. Lesgourgues and T. I. Liaudat and S. J. Liu and A. Loureiro and J. Macias-Perez and G. Maggio and M. Magliocchetti and E. A. Magnier and F. Mannucci and R. Maoli and C. J. A. P. Martins and L. Maurin and M. Miluzio and P. Monaco and C. Moretti and G. Morgante and S. Nadathur and K. Naidoo and A. Navarro-Alsina and S. Nesseris and F. Passalacqua and K. Paterson and L. Patrizii and A. Pisani and D. Potter and S. Quai and M. Radovich and P. -F. Rocci and S. Sacquegna and M. Sahlén and D. B. Sanders and E. Sarpa and A. Schneider and D. Sciotti and E. Sellentin and L. C. Smith and K. Tanidis and G. Testera and R. Teyssier and S. Tosi and A. Troja and M. Tucci and C. Valieri and A. Venhola and D. Vergani and G. Vernardos and G. Verza and P. Vielzeuf and N. A. Walton and D. Scott},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2503.15326},
year = {2025}
}
Comments
Paper accepted for the A&A Special Issue `Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1)', 24 pages