Euclid preparation. Simulations and nonlinearities beyond $\Lambda$CDM. 1. Numerical methods and validation
Abstract
To constrain models beyond CDM, the development of the Euclid analysis pipeline requires simulations that capture the nonlinear phenomenology of such models. We present an overview of numerical methods and -body simulation codes developed to study the nonlinear regime of structure formation in alternative dark energy and modified gravity theories. We review a variety of numerical techniques and approximations employed in cosmological -body simulations to model the complex phenomenology of scenarios beyond CDM. This includes discussions on solving nonlinear field equations, accounting for fifth forces, and implementing screening mechanisms. Furthermore, we conduct a code comparison exercise to assess the reliability and convergence of different simulation codes across a range of models. Our analysis demonstrates a high degree of agreement among the outputs of different simulation codes, providing confidence in current numerical methods for modelling cosmic structure formation beyond CDM. We highlight recent advances made in simulating the nonlinear scales of structure formation, which are essential for leveraging the full scientific potential of the forthcoming observational data from the Euclid mission.
Cite
@article{arxiv.2409.03522,
title = {Euclid preparation. Simulations and nonlinearities beyond $\Lambda$CDM. 1. Numerical methods and validation},
author = {Euclid Collaboration and J. Adamek and B. Fiorini and M. Baldi and G. Brando and M. -A. Breton and F. Hassani and K. Koyama and A. M. C. Le Brun and G. Rácz and H. -A. Winther and A. Casalino and C. Hernández-Aguayo and B. Li and D. Potter and E. Altamura and C. Carbone and C. Giocoli and D. F. Mota and A. Pourtsidou and Z. Sakr and F. Vernizzi and A. Amara and S. Andreon and N. Auricchio and C. Baccigalupi and S. Bardelli and P. Battaglia and D. Bonino and E. Branchini and M. Brescia and J. Brinchmann and A. Caillat and S. Camera and V. Capobianco and V. F. Cardone and J. Carretero and S. Casas and F. J. Castander and M. Castellano and G. Castignani and S. Cavuoti and A. Cimatti and C. Colodro-Conde and G. Congedo and C. J. Conselice and L. Conversi and Y. Copin and F. Courbin and H. M. Courtois and A. Da Silva and H. Degaudenzi and G. De Lucia and M. Douspis and F. Dubath and X. Dupac and S. Dusini and M. Farina and S. Farrens and S. Ferriol and P. Fosalba and M. Frailis and E. Franceschi and M. Fumana and S. Galeotta and B. Gillis and P. Gómez-Alvarez and A. Grazian and F. Grupp and L. Guzzo and S. V. H. Haugan and W. Holmes and F. Hormuth and A. Hornstrup and S. Ilić and K. Jahnke and M. Jhabvala and B. Joachimi and E. Keihänen and S. Kermiche and A. Kiessling and M. Kilbinger and B. Kubik and M. Kümmel and M. Kunz and H. Kurki-Suonio and S. Ligori and P. B. Lilje and V. Lindholm and I. Lloro and G. Mainetti and E. Maiorano and O. Mansutti and O. Marggraf and K. Markovic and M. Martinelli and N. Martinet and F. Marulli and R. Massey and E. Medinaceli and S. Mei and M. Melchior and Y. Mellier and M. Meneghetti and E. Merlin and G. Meylan and M. Moresco and L. Moscardini and C. Neissner and S. -M. Niemi and C. Padilla and S. Paltani and F. Pasian and K. Pedersen and W. J. Percival and V. Pettorino and S. Pires and G. Polenta and M. Poncet and L. A. Popa and L. Pozzetti and F. Raison and A. Renzi and J. Rhodes and G. Riccio and E. Romelli and M. Roncarelli and R. Saglia and A. G. Sánchez and D. Sapone and B. Sartoris and M. Schirmer and T. Schrabback and A. Secroun and G. Seidel and S. Serrano and C. Sirignano and G. Sirri and L. Stanco and J. Steinwagner and P. Tallada-Crespí and D. Tavagnacco and I. Tereno and R. Toledo-Moreo and F. Torradeflot and I. Tutusaus and E. A. Valentijn and L. Valenziano and T. Vassallo and G. Verdoes Kleijn and A. Veropalumbo and Y. Wang and J. Weller and G. Zamorani and E. Zucca and A. Biviano and C. Burigana and M. Calabrese and D. Di Ferdinando and J. A. Escartin Vigo and G. Fabbian and F. Finelli and J. Gracia-Carpio and S. Matthew and N. Mauri and A. Pezzotta and M. Pöntinen and V. Scottez and M. Tenti and M. Viel and M. Wiesmann and Y. Akrami and V. Allevato and S. Anselmi and M. Archidiacono and F. Atrio-Barandela and A. Balaguera-Antolinez and M. Ballardini and A. Blanchard and L. Blot and H. Böhringer and S. Borgani and S. Bruton and R. Cabanac and A. Calabro and B. Camacho Quevedo and G. Cañas-Herrera and A. Cappi and F. Caro and C. S. Carvalho and T. Castro and K. C. Chambers and S. Contarini and A. R. Cooray and G. Desprez and A. Díaz-Sánchez and J. J. Diaz and S. Di Domizio and H. Dole and S. Escoffier and A. G. Ferrari and P. G. Ferreira and I. Ferrero and A. Finoguenov and F. Fornari and L. Gabarra and K. Ganga and J. García-Bellido and T. Gasparetto and V. Gautard and E. Gaztanaga and F. Giacomini and F. Gianotti and G. Gozaliasl and C. M. Gutierrez and A. Hall and H. Hildebrandt and J. Hjorth and A. Jimenez Muñoz and S. Joudaki and J. J. E. Kajava and V. Kansal and D. Karagiannis and C. C. Kirkpatrick and S. Kruk and J. Le Graet and L. Legrand and J. Lesgourgues and T. I. Liaudat and A. Loureiro and G. Maggio and M. Magliocchetti and F. Mannucci and R. Maoli and C. J. A. P. Martins and L. Maurin and R. B. Metcalf and M. Migliaccio and M. Miluzio and P. Monaco and A. Montoro and A. Mora and C. Moretti and G. Morgante and S. Nadathur and L. Patrizii and V. Popa and P. Reimberg and I. Risso and P. -F. Rocci and M. Sahlén and E. Sarpa and A. Schneider and M. Sereno and A. Silvestri and A. Spurio Mancini and K. Tanidis and C. Tao and N. Tessore and G. Testera and R. Teyssier and S. Toft and S. Tosi and A. Troja and M. Tucci and C. Valieri and J. Valiviita and D. Vergani and G. Verza and P. Vielzeuf and N. A. Walton},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2409.03522},
year = {2025}
}
Comments
20 pages, 7 figures, 1 appendix; submitted on behalf of the Euclid Collaboration