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Escaping Chaos in Random Multiplicative Functions

Number Theory 2026-05-26 v2 Probability

Abstract

Let f(n)f(n) be a Steinhaus random multiplicative function. Let A[1,N]A\subset [1, N] be a finite set of integers. We show that 1AnAf(n)dCN(0,1)\frac{1}{\sqrt{|A|}} \sum_{n\in A} f(n) \xrightarrow[]{d} \mathcal{CN}(0,1) forces that A=o(N)|A|=o(N). We prove that the o(1)o(1) density is sharp by showing that for most sets AA, and thus confirm the existence, with density ρ\rho such that (1ρ)1=o((loglogN)1/2)(1-\rho)^{-1} =o((\log \log N)^{1/2}), we have 1(1ρ)AnAf(n)dCN(0,1). \frac{1}{\sqrt{(1-\rho) |A|}} \sum_{n\in A} f(n) \xrightarrow{d} \mathcal{CN}(0,1). The extra factor 1ρ\sqrt{1-\rho} makes a difference as long as the density ρ>0\rho>0.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2605.21737,
  title  = {Escaping Chaos in Random Multiplicative Functions},
  author = {Max Wenqiang Xu},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2605.21737},
  year   = {2026}
}

Comments

7 pages. Typos corrected