English

Equality in Fill's spectral gap problem

Combinatorics 2026-04-07 v1 Probability

Abstract

We study the adjacent-transposition chain on the symmetric group Sn\mathfrak{S}_n with a regular parameter vector p=(pi,j)ij\vec{p} = (p_{i,j})_{i\neq j}. Fill's spectral gap conjecture, recently resolved in the affirmative by Greaves-Zhu, states that among all regular parameter vectors, the spectral gap of the transition matrix is minimized by the uniform vector pi,j=1/2p_{i,j}= 1/2 for all iji\neq j. We prove the stronger statement that among all regular parameter vectors, the spectral gap is minimized if and only if p\vec{p} has a neutral label, i.e., there exists c[n]c \in [n] such that pc,i=1/2p_{c,i} = 1/2 for all ici\neq c. Moreover, in this case, we show that the multiplicity of the second largest eigenvalue is equal to the number of neutral labels, unless the number of neutral labels is n2n-2 or nn, in which case the multiplicity is n1n-1. This confirms a conjecture of Fill.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2604.03937,
  title  = {Equality in Fill's spectral gap problem},
  author = {Vishesh Jain and Clayton Mizgerd},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2604.03937},
  year   = {2026}
}
R2 v1 2026-07-01T11:54:12.436Z