Entropic bottlenecks to nematic ordering in an $RP^{2}$ apolar spin model
Abstract
The Lebwohl-Lasher model of uniaxial liquid crystals with (\textit{n} = 3, \textit{d} = 2) was reported earlier to undergo a crossover transition to a novel nematic phase at a temperature . This phase has unbound topological defects in a nematic background, that pair at a lower . The transition has zero latent heat, and a specific heat and correlation length that remain finite. We discover here a significant sparseness of states or an entropy barrier `bottleneck', between the isotropic and novel nematic phases. Passage through these sparse configurations is enabled by short-range nematic clusters dressing the defect cores. The free energy temperature derivatives, along with energy derivatives of the micro-canonical entropy, determine that this is a {\it third-order} transition in the Ehrenfest classification. The local transformation to dressed defects induces a sharp downward cusp in the correlation length, at a precursor temperature . The entropic bottleneck manifests as a rippling of the free energy landscape, over mutually modifying nematic order and defect density. Cooling through yields an itinerant para-nematic fluid of dressed defects with macroscopically occupied local polar angle tilts, that catalyse a common global tilt or nematic phase at .
Keywords
Cite
@article{arxiv.2503.12970,
title = {Entropic bottlenecks to nematic ordering in an $RP^{2}$ apolar spin model},
author = {B. Kamala Latha and V. S. S. Sastry and S. R. Shenoy},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2503.12970},
year = {2026}
}
Comments
12 pages, 14 figures