English

Entropic bottlenecks to nematic ordering in an $RP^{2}$ apolar spin model

Soft Condensed Matter 2026-04-02 v2 Statistical Mechanics High Energy Physics - Lattice

Abstract

The Lebwohl-Lasher model of uniaxial liquid crystals with (\textit{n} = 3, \textit{d} = 2) was reported earlier to undergo a crossover transition to a novel nematic phase at a temperature T=TnT=T_{n}. This phase has unbound topological defects in a nematic background, that pair at a lower TBKT<TnT_{\text{BKT}} < T_{n}. The transition has zero latent heat, and a specific heat and correlation length that remain finite. We discover here a significant sparseness of states or an entropy barrier `bottleneck', between the isotropic and novel nematic phases. Passage through these sparse configurations is enabled by short-range nematic clusters dressing the defect cores. The free energy temperature derivatives, along with energy derivatives of the micro-canonical entropy, determine that this is a {\it third-order} transition in the Ehrenfest classification. The local transformation to dressed defects induces a sharp downward cusp in the correlation length, at a precursor temperature Tp>TnT_{p} > T_{n}. The entropic bottleneck manifests as a rippling of the free energy landscape, over mutually modifying nematic order and defect density. Cooling through TpT_{p} yields an itinerant para-nematic fluid of dressed defects with macroscopically occupied local polar angle tilts, that catalyse a common global tilt or nematic phase at TnT_{n}.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2503.12970,
  title  = {Entropic bottlenecks to nematic ordering in an $RP^{2}$ apolar spin model},
  author = {B. Kamala Latha and V. S. S. Sastry and S. R. Shenoy},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2503.12970},
  year   = {2026}
}

Comments

12 pages, 14 figures