English

Energy Consumption Framework and Analysis of Post-Quantum Key-Generation on Embedded Devices

Cryptography and Security 2025-05-23 v1

Abstract

The emergence of quantum computing and Shor's algorithm necessitates an imminent shift from current public key cryptography techniques to post-quantum robust techniques. NIST has responded by standardising Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) algorithms, with ML-KEM (FIPS-203) slated to replace ECDH (Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman) for key exchange. A key practical concern for PQC adoption is energy consumption. This paper introduces a new framework for measuring the PQC energy consumption on a Raspberry Pi when performing key generation. The framework uses both available traditional methods and the newly standardised ML-KEM algorithm via the commonly utilised OpenSSL library.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2505.16614,
  title  = {Energy Consumption Framework and Analysis of Post-Quantum Key-Generation on Embedded Devices},
  author = {J Cameron Patterson and William J Buchanan and Callum Turino},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2505.16614},
  year   = {2025}
}
R2 v1 2026-07-01T02:31:25.743Z