Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centres in diamond are a key platform for quantum sensing and quantum information, combining long coherence times with controllable spin-spin interactions. Most of current quantum algorithms rely on optical access, which limit device integration and applicability in opaque or miniaturized settings. Here we demonstrate an all-electrical approach, photocurrent double electron-electron resonance (PC-DEER), permitting exploiting local dipolar interactions between individual NV spin qubits or ensembles and nearby paramagnetic defects with sub-confocal resolution. PC-DEER extends photocurrent NV readout from single-spin to spin-bath control and coherent manipulation, enabling characterization of bath-induced noise and effective deployment of noise-reduction protocols. We resolve the signatures of substitutional nitrogen (P1) and NVH centers with reproducible contrast by using electrical signals. Our results establish a scalable, optical-free spin readout strategy that bridges fundamental studies of spin environments with deployable quantum technologies, advancing the integration of diamond-based sensors into solid-state quantum devices.
@article{arxiv.2509.26570,
title = {Electrical Readout of Spin Environments in Diamond for Quantum Sensing},
author = {Olga Rubinas and Michael Petrov and Emilie Bourgeois and Jaroslav Hruby and Akhil Kuriakose and Ottavia Jedrkiewicz and Milos Nesladek},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2509.26570},
year = {2025}
}