Effective Resistance in Fixed-Rank External-Field Measures and Constant-Stretch Correlated Sampling on the Hypersimplex

We prove an effective-resistance bound for fixed-rank external-field measures. Let $d\ge2$ be an integer, let $m\in\{1,\ldots,d-1\}$. Let $w\in(0,+\infty)^d$, and let $\mathsf S$ be an $m$-element random subset of $[d]$ distributed according to the rank-$m$ external-field measure with weights $w$, i.e., $$\mathbb P(\mathsf S=S)=\frac{\prod_{i\in S}w_i}{e_m(w)},\qquad S\subseteq\{1,\dots,d\},\quad|S|=m,$$ where $$e_m(w):=\sum_{\substack{T\subseteq\{1,\dots,d\}\\|T|=m}}\prod_{\ell\in T}w_\ell$$ is the $m$th elementary symmetric polynomial in $w_1,\ldots,w_d$. Let $X:=(X_1,\dots,X_d)^\top$ be its indicator vector, i.e., $$X_i=\mathbb I\{i\in\mathsf S\},\qquad i\in\{1,\dots,d\}.$$ Let $\Sigma:=\operatorname{Cov}(X)$, put $v_i:=\Sigma_{ii}$ for each $i\in\{1,\dots,d\}$, and let $\mathbf e_1,\ldots,\mathbf e_d$ denote the standard basis of $\mathbb R^d$. Our main result is that, for every $i\ne j$, $$(\mathbf e_i-\mathbf e_j)^\top\Sigma^\dagger(\mathbf e_i-\mathbf e_j)\le\frac1{v_i}+\frac1{v_j},$$ where $\Sigma^\dagger$ is the Moore-Penrose pseudoinverse of $\Sigma$. As a consequence, if $$v:=(v_1,\ldots,v_d)^\top,\qquad D:=\operatorname{diag}(v),\qquad V:=\sum_{i=1}^dv_i,$$ then, as a corollary, we obtain $$\Sigma\succeq\frac12\left(D-\frac{vv^\top}{V}\right),$$ which establishes a factor-two relaxation of the normalized covariance bound conjectured by Anari, Haqi, and Ma. As a further corollary, combining our theorem with the recent framework of Anari, Haqi, and Ma yields a constant-stretch guarantee for correlated sampling on the hypersimplex without relying on the still-open normalized covariance conjecture assumed in their conditional result. Our result improves the logarithmic-in-$k$ stretch bound of Naor, Raju, Shetty, Srinivasan, Valieva, and Wajc to a constant and resolves the open question posed in their work.