English

Effective Atom Theory: Gradient-Driven ab initio Materials Design

Materials Science 2025-09-10 v1

Abstract

We introduce Effective Atom Theory (EAT), a framework that transforms combinatorial materials design into a smooth, gradient-driven optimization within density functional theory (DFT). Atoms are represented as probabilistic mixtures of elements, enabling gradient-based optimizers to converge to a physically realizable material in about 50 energy evaluations -- far fewer than combinatorial optimization methods. Applied to Co-Cr-Ni-V oxides for the alkaline oxygen evolution reaction (OER), EAT leads to a final recommended composition of Co0.19Cr0.06V0.31Ni0.44O.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2509.07180,
  title  = {Effective Atom Theory: Gradient-Driven ab initio Materials Design},
  author = {Justin Tahmassebpur and Brandon Li and Boris Barron and Héctor Abruña and Peter Frazier and Tomás Arias},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2509.07180},
  year   = {2025}
}
R2 v1 2026-07-01T05:27:24.110Z