Earth AI: Unlocking Geospatial Insights with Foundation Models and Cross-Modal Reasoning
Abstract
Geospatial data offers immense potential for understanding our planet. However, the sheer volume and diversity of this data along with its varied resolutions, timescales, and sparsity pose significant challenges for thorough analysis and interpretation. This paper introduces Earth AI, a family of geospatial AI models and agentic reasoning that enables significant advances in our ability to unlock novel and profound insights into our planet. This approach is built upon foundation models across three key domains--Planet-scale Imagery, Population, and Environment--and an intelligent Gemini-powered reasoning engine. We present rigorous benchmarks showcasing the power and novel capabilities of our foundation models and validate that when used together, they provide complementary value for geospatial inference and their synergies unlock superior predictive capabilities. To handle complex, multi-step queries, we developed a Gemini-powered agent that jointly reasons over our multiple foundation models along with large geospatial data sources and tools. On a new benchmark of real-world crisis scenarios, our agent demonstrates the ability to deliver critical and timely insights, effectively bridging the gap between raw geospatial data and actionable understanding.
Keywords
Cite
@article{arxiv.2510.18318,
title = {Earth AI: Unlocking Geospatial Insights with Foundation Models and Cross-Modal Reasoning},
author = {Aaron Bell and Amit Aides and Amr Helmy and Arbaaz Muslim and Aviad Barzilai and Aviv Slobodkin and Bolous Jaber and David Schottlander and George Leifman and Joydeep Paul and Mimi Sun and Nadav Sherman and Natalie Williams and Per Bjornsson and Roy Lee and Ruth Alcantara and Thomas Turnbull and Tomer Shekel and Vered Silverman and Yotam Gigi and Adam Boulanger and Alex Ottenwess and Ali Ahmadalipour and Anna Carter and Behzad Vahedi and Charles Elliott and David Andre and Elad Aharoni and Gia Jung and Hassler Thurston and Jacob Bien and Jamie McPike and Jessica Sapick and Juliet Rothenberg and Kartik Hegde and Kel Markert and Kim Philipp Jablonski and Luc Houriez and Monica Bharel and Phing VanLee and Reuven Sayag and Sebastian Pilarski and Shelley Cazares and Shlomi Pasternak and Siduo Jiang and Thomas Colthurst and Yang Chen and Yehonathan Refael and Yochai Blau and Yuval Carny and Yael Maguire and Avinatan Hassidim and James Manyika and Tim Thelin and Genady Beryozkin and Gautam Prasad and Luke Barrington and Yossi Matias and Niv Efron and Shravya Shetty},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2510.18318},
year = {2026}
}