We expand the Zhang-Li spin-transfer torque [Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 127204 (2004)] to finite temperatures by the scattering amplitude. Considering various factors including the adiabatic and diabatic effects of electrons and magnons, entropy equivalent field, thermal dipole field, thermal activation, magnetic-anisotropy gradient, and diffusion, we answer a recent question both experimentally and theoretically controversial: Will skyrmions move to the hot or cold region under thermal gradients?
@article{arxiv.2108.02621,
title = {Dynamics of Magnetic Skyrmions under Temperature Gradients},
author = {Chaofan Gong and Yan Zhou and Guoping Zhao},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2108.02621},
year = {2025}
}