English

Does Compton/Schwarzschild duality in higher dimensions exclude TeV quantum gravity?

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology 2019-01-23 v2 High Energy Physics - Phenomenology Quantum Physics

Abstract

In three spatial dimensions, the Compton wavelength (RCM1(R_C \propto M^{-1}) and Schwarzschild radius (RSM(R_S \propto M) are dual under the transformation MMP2/MM \rightarrow M_{P}^2/M, where MPM_{P} is the Planck mass. This suggests that there could be a fundamental link -- termed the Black Hole Uncertainty Principle or Compton-Schwarzschild correspondence -- between elementary particles with M<MPM < M_{P} and black holes in the M>MPM > M_{P} regime. In the presence of nn extra dimensions, compactified on some scale RER_E exceeding the Planck length RPR_P, one expects RSM1/(1+n)R_S \propto M^{1/(1+n)} for RP<R<RER_P < R < R_E, which breaks this duality. However, it may be restored in some circumstances because the {\it effective} Compton wavelength of a particle depends on the form of the (3+n)(3+n)-dimensional wavefunction. If this is spherically symmetric, then one still has RCM1R_C \propto M^{-1}, as in the 33-dimensional case. The effective Planck length is then increased and the Planck mass reduced, allowing the possibility of TeV quantum gravity and black hole production at the LHC. However, if the wave function of a particle is asymmetric and has a scale RER_E in the extra dimensions, then RCM1/(1+n)R_C \propto M^{-1/(1+n)}, so that the duality between RCR_C and RSR_S is preserved. In this case, the effective Planck length is increased even more but the Planck mass is unchanged, so that TeV quantum gravity is precluded and black holes cannot be generated in collider experiments. Nevertheless, the extra dimensions could still have consequences for the detectability of black hole evaporations and the enhancement of pair-production at accelerators on scales below RER_E. Though phenomenologically general for higher-dimensional theories, our results are shown to be consistent with string theory via the minimum positional uncertainty derived from DD-particle scattering amplitudes.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.1808.08386,
  title  = {Does Compton/Schwarzschild duality in higher dimensions exclude TeV quantum gravity?},
  author = {Matthew J. Lake and Bernard Carr},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:1808.08386},
  year   = {2019}
}

Comments

This paper supersedes and differs considerably from arXiv:1611.01913. The abstract is similar but the title and main text are changed. The earlier paper contains discussion of additional points which are not essential for this paper. 31 pages, 5 figures. Published version (v1). Minor typos in the Abstract corrected (v2)

R2 v1 2026-06-23T03:43:35.474Z