Documenting Problem-Solving Knowledge: Proposed Annotation Design Guidelines and their Application to Spreadsheet Tools

End-user programmers create software to solve problems, yet the problem-solving knowledge generated in the process often remains tacit within the software artifact. One approach to exposing this knowledge is to enable the end-user to annotate the artifact as they create and use it. A 3-level model of annotation is presented and guidelines are proposed for the design of end-user programming environments supporting the explicit and literate annotation levels. These guidelines are then applied to the spreadsheet end-user programming paradigm.