English

Distribution of rooks on a chess-board representing a Latin square partitioned by a subsystem

Combinatorics 2022-08-09 v1

Abstract

A dd-dimensional generalization of a Latin square of order nn can be considered as a chess-board of size n×n××nn\times n\times \ldots\times n (dd times), containing ndn^d cells with nd1n^{d-1} non-attacking rooks. Each cell is identified by a dd-tuple (e1,e2,,ed)(e_1,e_2,\ldots ,e_d) where ei{1,2,,n}e_i \in \{1,2,\ldots ,n\}. For d=3d = 3 we prove that such a chess-board represents precisely one main class. A subsystem TT induced by a family of sets <E1,E2,,Ed><E_1,E_2,\ldots ,E_d> over {1,2,,n}\{1,2,\ldots ,n\} is real if Ei{1,2,,n}E_i \subset \{1,2,\ldots ,n\} for each i{1,2,,d}i \in \{1,2,\ldots ,d\}. The density of TT is the ratio of contained rooks to the number of cells in TT. The distance between two subsystems is the minimum Hamming distance between cell pairs. Replacing kk sets of <E1,E2,,Ed><E_1,E_2,\ldots ,E_d> by their complements, a subsystem UU is obtained with distance kk between TT and UU. All these subsystems, including TT, form a partition of the chess-board. We prove that in such a partition, the number of rooks in a UU and the density of UU can be determined from the number of rooks in TT and the number of cells in TT and UU and the value of (1)k(-1)^k. We examine the subsystem couple (T,U)(T,U) in the 22- and 33-dimensional cases, where UU is the most distant unique subsystem from a real TT. On the fly, a new identity of binomial coefficients is proved.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2208.04113,
  title  = {Distribution of rooks on a chess-board representing a Latin square partitioned by a subsystem},
  author = {Béla Jónás},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2208.04113},
  year   = {2022}
}