Distinguish Bardeen-like black holes by Gravitational lensing
Abstract
We study Bardeen-like regular black holes without Cauchy horizons via gravitational lensing. In the weak field, the deflection angle receives a positive -dependent correction, producing a slightly larger Einstein ring. For the galaxy ESO 325-G004, the predicted ring radius is consistent with current observations. In the strong field, for Sgr A* and M87*, the asymptotic position remains identical to the Schwarzschild value; however, SDL coefficients are -dependent, the angular separation s increases and the relative flux ratio decreases as increases. Time delays between relativistic images for Sgr A* and M87* also increase mildly with . Our calculated values for these observables remain consistent with current observations. Future strong-field measurements of , s, and may offer a viable test for regular black holes free of Cauchy horizons and may distinguish Bardeen-like from Schwarzschild black holes.
Cite
@article{arxiv.2604.11951,
title = {Distinguish Bardeen-like black holes by Gravitational lensing},
author = {Limei Yuan and Chen-Hung Hsiao and Yidun Wan},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2604.11951},
year = {2026}
}
Comments
11+2 pages,8 figures,5 tables