English

Distinguish Bardeen-like black holes by Gravitational lensing

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology 2026-04-15 v1

Abstract

We study Bardeen-like regular black holes without Cauchy horizons via gravitational lensing. In the weak field, the deflection angle receives a positive \ell-dependent correction, producing a slightly larger Einstein ring. For the galaxy ESO 325-G004, the predicted ring radius is consistent with current observations. In the strong field, for Sgr A* and M87*, the asymptotic position θ\theta_{\infty} remains identical to the Schwarzschild value; however, SDL coefficients are \ell-dependent, the angular separation s increases and the relative flux ratio rmagr_{\mathrm{mag}} decreases as \ell increases. Time delays between relativistic images for Sgr A* and M87* also increase mildly with \ell. Our calculated values for these observables remain consistent with current observations. Future strong-field measurements of ΔT2,1\Delta T_{2,1}, s, and rmagr_{\mathrm{mag}} may offer a viable test for regular black holes free of Cauchy horizons and may distinguish Bardeen-like from Schwarzschild black holes.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2604.11951,
  title  = {Distinguish Bardeen-like black holes by Gravitational lensing},
  author = {Limei Yuan and Chen-Hung Hsiao and Yidun Wan},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2604.11951},
  year   = {2026}
}

Comments

11+2 pages,8 figures,5 tables