English

Discrete vs continuum gravitational diagrams in the soft synchronous gauge

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology 2026-02-10 v2

Abstract

Due to the non-renormalizability of gravity, the perturbative expansion has sense, say, for its discrete simplicial (Regge calculus) version. A finite-difference form of gravity action has diffeomorphism symmetry at leading order over metric variations from site to site, and we add a term bilinear in nλ(gλμgλμ(0))n^\lambda(g_{\lambda\mu}-g_{\lambda \mu}^{(0)}), nλ=[1,ε(Δ(s)αΔα(s))1Δ(s)β]n^\lambda=[1,-\varepsilon(\Delta^{(s)\alpha}\Delta^{(s)}_\alpha)^{-1}\Delta^{(s)\beta}], to "softly" fix the synchronous gauge g0λ=g0λ(0)=δ0λg_{0\lambda}=g_{0\lambda}^{(0)}=-\delta_{0\lambda} at ε0\varepsilon\to0, thus removing singularities at p0=0p_0=0. For the symmetric derivative Δλ(s)\Delta^{(s)}_\lambda, the propagator has a graviton pole at sin2p0=α=13sin2pα\sin^2p_0=\sum^3_{\alpha=1}\sin^2p_\alpha or, at small pαp_\alpha, at p0p_0 close to 0 or ±π\pm \pi. This pole doubling compared to the continuum does not arise from sin2(p0/2)=α=13sin2(pα/2)\sin^2(p_0/2)=\sum^3_{\alpha=1}\sin^2(p_\alpha/2) obtained from the action Sˇg\check{S}_{\rm g} with the usual derivative Δλ=exp(ipλ)1\Delta_\lambda = \exp (ip_\lambda)-1 instead of Δλ(s)=isinpλ\Delta^{(s)}_\lambda=i\sin p_\lambda in some terms, including in the k part of some term, and Δλ(s)\Delta^{(s)}_\lambda in the 1-k part of that term. Given the propagator Gˇ(n,n)\check{G}(n,\overline{n}), we form a principal value type propagator [Gˇ(n,n)+Gˇ(n,n)]/2[\check{G}(n,n)+\check{G}(\overline{n},\overline{n})]/2 by analytically continuing from real n=nn=\overline{n}. Singularities are roughly resolved as p0j[(p0+iε)j+(p0iε)j]/2p_0^{-j}\Rightarrow[(p_0+i\varepsilon)^{-j}+(p_0-i\varepsilon)^{-j}]/2 leading to separate diagram finiteness at ε0\varepsilon\to0. We find that k=1 is needed for this prescription to work properly and match the continuum case. The gauge-fixing term needed for this propagator and its finiteness are considered, the ghost contribution is found to vanish at ε0\varepsilon\to0. We use these results in arXiv:2601.03228. Calculations are illustrated by the electromagnetic (Yang-Mills) case.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2601.02181,
  title  = {Discrete vs continuum gravitational diagrams in the soft synchronous gauge},
  author = {V. M. Khatsymovsky},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2601.02181},
  year   = {2026}
}

Comments

47 pages, 3 figures. V2: typos fixed