English

Digraphs in which every $t$ vertices share exactly $\lambda$ out-neighbors and exactly $\lambda$ in-neighbors

Combinatorics 2024-05-24 v1

Abstract

In this paper, we introduce the notion of two-way (t,λ)(t,\lambda)-liking digraphs as a way to extend the results for generalized friendship graphs. A two-way (t,λ)(t,\lambda)-liking digraph is a digraph in which every tt vertices have exactly λ\lambda common out-neighbors and λ\lambda common in-neighbors. We first show that if λ2\lambda \ge 2, then a two-way (2,λ)(2,\lambda)-liking digraph of order nn is kk-diregular for a positive integer kk satisfying the equation (n1)λ=k(k1)(n-1)\lambda=k(k-1). This result is comparable to the result by Bose and Shrikhande in 1969 and actually extends it. Another main result is that if t3t \ge 3, then the complete digraph on t+λt+\lambda vertices is the only two-way (t,λ)(t,\lambda)-liking digraph. This result can stand up to the result by Carstens and Kruse in 1977 and essentially extends it. In addition, we find that two-way (t,λ)(t, \lambda)-liking digraphs are closely linked to symmetric block designs and extend some existing results of (t,λ)(t, \lambda)-liking digraphs.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2405.13293,
  title  = {Digraphs in which every $t$ vertices share exactly $\lambda$ out-neighbors and exactly $\lambda$ in-neighbors},
  author = {Hojin Chu and Suh-Ryung Kim},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2405.13293},
  year   = {2024}
}
R2 v1 2026-06-28T16:35:07.989Z