Development of Ni doped SnO$_2$ Dilute magnetic oxides for electronics and spintronics applications

We used a solid-state reaction method to prepare Sn$_{1-x}$Ni$_x$O$_2$ with $x$ = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15 polycrystalline compounds. A rutile phase with tetragonal crystal structure was confirmed by X-ray diffraction. At room temperature, the magnetisation study shows that the saturation magnetization increases with Ni doping content whereas the coercive field decreases after $x$=0.1. The spin number increases as the Ni doping concentration increases, indicating that the incorporation of Ni into the Sn sites increases the number of spins interacting to improve the ferromagnetic phase , which is like saturation magnetization and coercive field.