Determining the CKM Parameter Vcd from nuN Charm Production

The formalism for extracting the CKM parameter $V_{cd}$ from $\nu N$ production of charm is discussed in some detail. The various model assumptions needed are clearly pointed out. A direct determination from neutrino induced dimuon production requires $\nu N$ charm production data, $$ charm hadronization data, and the semi-muonic branching ratios for charmed hadrons. Hadronization data from FNAL E531 is re-analyzed to take advantage of better-determined properties of the charmed hadrons. A small bias in the original published result is removed. Neutrino induced charm fragmentation is compared to $e^{+}e^{-}$ charm fragmentation functions; the data are consistent with a common hadronization scheme. An updated value of the mean semi-muonic branching ratio for charmed hadrons produced in $\nu N$ scattering for $E_\nu >30$ GeV is obtained. This value is used to determine $$ and its associated uncertainties. Prospects for improving the $$ measurement to test the unitarity limit of the CKM matrix are described.