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Deriving Transformer Architectures as Implicit Multinomial Regression

Machine Learning 2025-10-28 v2 Artificial Intelligence Numerical Analysis Numerical Analysis

Abstract

While attention has been empirically shown to improve model performance, it lacks a rigorous mathematical justification. This short paper establishes a novel connection between attention mechanisms and multinomial regression. Specifically, we show that in a fixed multinomial regression setting, optimizing over latent features yields solutions that align with the dynamics induced on features by attention blocks. In other words, the evolution of representations through a transformer can be interpreted as a trajectory that recovers the optimal features for classification.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2509.04653,
  title  = {Deriving Transformer Architectures as Implicit Multinomial Regression},
  author = {Jonas A. Actor and Anthony Gruber and Eric C. Cyr},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2509.04653},
  year   = {2025}
}

Comments

4 pages, additional 3 pages of references and supplementary details