Density of the span of powers of a function \`a la M\"untz-Szasz

The aim of this paper is to establish density properties in $L^p$ spaces of the span of powers of functions $\{\psi^\lambda\,:\lambda\in\Lambda\}$, $\Lambda\subset\N$ in the spirit of the M\"untz-Sz\'asz Theorem. As density is almost never achieved, we further investigate the density of powers and a modulation of powers $\{\psi^\lambda,\psi^\lambda e^{i\alpha t}\,:\lambda\in\Lambda\}$. Finally, we establish a M\"untz-Sz\'asz Theorem for density of translates of powers of cosines $\{\cos^\lambda(t-\theta\_1),\cos^\lambda(t-\theta\_2)\,:\lambda\in\Lambda\}$. Under some arithmetic restrictions on $\theta\_1-\theta\_2$, we show that density is equivalent to a M\"untz-Sz\'asz condition on $\Lambda$ and we conjecture that those arithmetic restrictions are not needed.Some links are also established with the recently introduced concept of Heisenberg Uniqueness Pairs.