Dense Nuclear Matter Equation of State from Heavy-Ion Collisions
Abstract
The nuclear equation of state (EOS) is at the center of numerous theoretical and experimental efforts in nuclear physics. With advances in microscopic theories for nuclear interactions, the availability of experiments probing nuclear matter under conditions not reached before, endeavors to develop sophisticated and reliable transport simulations to interpret these experiments, and the advent of multi-messenger astronomy, the next decade will bring new opportunities for determining the nuclear matter EOS, elucidating its dependence on density, temperature, and isospin asymmetry. Among controlled terrestrial experiments, collisions of heavy nuclei at intermediate beam energies (from a few tens of MeV/nucleon to about 25 GeV/nucleon in the fixed-target frame) probe the widest ranges of baryon density and temperature, enabling studies of nuclear matter from a few tenths to about 5 times the nuclear saturation density and for temperatures from a few to well above a hundred MeV, respectively. Collisions of neutron-rich isotopes further bring the opportunity to probe effects due to the isospin asymmetry. However, capitalizing on the enormous scientific effort aimed at uncovering the dense nuclear matter EOS, both at RHIC and at FRIB as well as at other international facilities, depends on the continued development of state-of-the-art hadronic transport simulations. This white paper highlights the essential role that heavy-ion collision experiments and hadronic transport simulations play in understanding strong interactions in dense nuclear matter, with an emphasis on how these efforts can be used together with microscopic approaches and neutron star studies to uncover the nuclear EOS.
Keywords
Cite
@article{arxiv.2301.13253,
title = {Dense Nuclear Matter Equation of State from Heavy-Ion Collisions},
author = {Agnieszka Sorensen and Kshitij Agarwal and Kyle W. Brown and Zbigniew Chajęcki and Paweł Danielewicz and Christian Drischler and Stefano Gandolfi and Jeremy W. Holt and Matthias Kaminski and Che-Ming Ko and Rohit Kumar and Bao-An Li and William G. Lynch and Alan B. McIntosh and William G. Newton and Scott Pratt and Oleh Savchuk and Maria Stefaniak and Ingo Tews and ManYee Betty Tsang and Ramona Vogt and Hermann Wolter and Hanna Zbroszczyk and Navid Abbasi and Jörg Aichelin and Anton Andronic and Steffen A. Bass and Francesco Becattini and David Blaschke and Marcus Bleicher and Christoph Blume and Elena Bratkovskaya and B. Alex Brown and David A. Brown and Alberto Camaiani and Giovanni Casini and Katerina Chatziioannou and Abdelouahad Chbihi and Maria Colonna and Mircea Dan Cozma and Veronica Dexheimer and Xin Dong and Travis Dore and Lipei Du and José A. Dueñas and Hannah Elfner and Wojciech Florkowski and Yuki Fujimoto and Richard J. Furnstahl and Alexandra Gade and Tetyana Galatyuk and Charles Gale and Frank Geurts and Fabiana Gramegna and Sašo Grozdanov and Kris Hagel and Steven P. Harris and Wick Haxton and Ulrich Heinz and Michal P. Heller and Or Hen and Heiko Hergert and Norbert Herrmann and Huan Zhong Huang and Xu-Guang Huang and Natsumi Ikeno and Gabriele Inghirami and Jakub Jankowski and Jiangyong Jia and José C. Jiménez and Joseph Kapusta and Behruz Kardan and Iurii Karpenko and Declan Keane and Dmitri Kharzeev and Andrej Kugler and Arnaud Le Fèvre and Dean Lee and Hong Liu and Michael A. Lisa and William J. Llope and Ivano Lombardo and Manuel Lorenz and Tommaso Marchi and Larry McLerran and Ulrich Mosel and Anton Motornenko and Berndt Müller and Paolo Napolitani and Joseph B. Natowitz and Witold Nazarewicz and Jorge Noronha and Jacquelyn Noronha-Hostler and Grażyna Odyniec and Panagiota Papakonstantinou and Zuzana Paulínyová and Jorge Piekarewicz and Robert D. Pisarski and Christopher Plumberg and Madappa Prakash and Jørgen Randrup and Claudia Ratti and Peter Rau and Sanjay Reddy and Hans-Rudolf Schmidt and Paolo Russotto and Radoslaw Ryblewski and Andreas Schäfer and Björn Schenke and Srimoyee Sen and Peter Senger and Richard Seto and Chun Shen and Bradley Sherrill and Mayank Singh and Vladimir Skokov and Michał Spaliński and Jan Steinheimer and Mikhail Stephanov and Joachim Stroth and Christian Sturm and Kai-Jia Sun and Aihong Tang and Giorgio Torrieri and Wolfgang Trautmann and Giuseppe Verde and Volodymyr Vovchenko and Ryoichi Wada and Fuqiang Wang and Gang Wang and Klaus Werner and Nu Xu and Zhangbu Xu and Ho-Ung Yee and Sherry Yennello and Yi Yin},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2301.13253},
year = {2024}
}
Comments
White paper prepared for the 2023 Long Range Plan. v3: Updated version as published in Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics. Note: the published version does not include the executive summary; in the updated arXiv version, the executive summary is included as an appendix. v4: Corrected list of authors