English

Dense Molecular Ring-like structure in gaseous CO depletion region G34.74-0.12

Astrophysics of Galaxies 2025-10-14 v1 Solar and Stellar Astrophysics

Abstract

We report the discovery of a dense molecular ring-like structure in a dense (105^5 cm3^{-3}), cold (pc-scale CO depletion at a factor of 5), and young (104^4 year) star-forming region G34.74-0.12, revealed by C18^{18}O (2-1), HNC (1-0), and N2_2H+^+ (1-0) observations with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). The ring-like structure is redshifted with respect to the clump, spanning from Vsys,lsr+0.9V_{\rm sys,lsr} + 0.9 to Vsys,lsr+2.9V_{\rm sys,lsr} + 2.9 km s1^{-1}, with a total mass of 109 MM_{\odot}. It is spatially coincident with 1.3 mm and 3.0 mm dust continuum emission from cores, and several protostellar outflows. However, no free-free emission or H\textsc{ii} region is detected in association with this structure. With a slow expansion speed indicated by the position-velocity diagram, this ring structure differs from rings previously identified in more evolved star-forming regions. Possible explanations for the ring-like structure include a relic wind-blown bubble produced by a deeply embedded young stellar object, a hollow cavity formed by cloud-cloud interactions, a gas ring resulting from a temperature gradient, or a line-of-sight superposition of multiple outflows or dense clouds. This discovery offers a rare observational glimpse into the earliest dynamical processes involved in massive star formation.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2509.11475,
  title  = {Dense Molecular Ring-like structure in gaseous CO depletion region G34.74-0.12},
  author = {Shuting Lin and Siyi Feng and Fengwei Xu and Ke Wang and Patricio Sanhueza and Junzhi Wang and Zhi-Yu Zhang and Yichen Zhang and Kaho Morii and Hauyu Baobab Liu and Sheng-Yuan Liu and Lile Wang and Giovanni Sabatini and Hui Li and Willem Baan and Zhi-Kai Zhu and Shanghuo Li},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2509.11475},
  year   = {2025}
}

Comments

16 pages, 8 figures, Accepted for publication in ApJL