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Demonstration of a fermion Quadrupling Condensate via Quantum Monte Carlo Simulation

Superconductivity 2026-05-04 v1 Quantum Gases

Abstract

Fermionic condensation typically occurs via pairing. In recent decades, however, a fundamental question has emerged: whether alternative forms of order exist, such as condensates of fermion quadruplets. These states--including ``charge-4e" superconductors and ``charge-0" counterflow condensates--lie beyond the standard Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer framework, and require strong fluctuations and correlation effects that invalidate the BCS mean-field description. This makes the problem notoriously difficult to study numerically at a microscopic level, as it involves both strong interactions and the fermionic sign problem. Here, we present a microscopic fermionic model featuring correlated hopping that significantly mitigates the sign problem, enabling rigorous Monte-Carlo-based analysis. Using large-scale simulations, we demonstrate the existence of a fermion-quadrupling condensate with a transition temperature comparable to the hopping energy scale. These results provide direct numerical evidence for quartic fermionic order in a microscopic system and suggest that these exotic states are also experimentally accessible in ultracold atomic gases.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2605.00137,
  title  = {Demonstration of a fermion Quadrupling Condensate via Quantum Monte Carlo Simulation},
  author = {Alexandru Golic and Egor Babaev and Johan Carlström},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2605.00137},
  year   = {2026}
}

Comments

9 pages, 4 figures