Gravitationally lensed supernovae (LSNe) are important probes of cosmic expansion, but they remain rare and difficult to find. Current cosmic surveys likely contain and 5-10 LSNe in total while next-generation experiments are expected to contain several hundreds to a few thousands of these systems. We search for these systems in observed Dark Energy Survey (DES) 5-year SN fields -- 10 3-sq. deg. regions of sky imaged in the griz bands approximately every six nights over five years. To perform the search, we utilize the DeepZipper approach: a multi-branch deep learning architecture trained on image-level simulations of LSNe that simultaneously learns spatial and temporal relationships from time series of images. We find that our method obtains a LSN recall of 61.13% and a false positive rate of 0.02% on the DES SN field data. DeepZipper selected 2,245 candidates from a magnitude-limited (mi< 22.5) catalog of 3,459,186 systems. We employ human visual inspection to review systems selected by the network and find three candidate LSNe in the DES SN fields.
@article{arxiv.2204.05924,
title = {DeepZipper II: Searching for Lensed Supernovae in Dark Energy Survey Data with Deep Learning},
author = {Robert Morgan and B. Nord and K. Bechtol and A. Möller and W. G. Hartley and S. Birrer and S. J. González and M. Martinez and R. A. Gruendl and E. J. Buckley-Geer and A. J. Shajib and A. Carnero Rosell and C. Lidman and T. Collett and T. M. C. Abbott and M. Aguena and F. Andrade-Oliveira and J. Annis and D. Bacon and S. Bocquet and D. Brooks and D. L. Burke and M. Carrasco Kind and J. Carretero and F. J. Castander and C. Conselice and L. N. da Costa and M. Costanzi and J. De Vicente and S. Desai and P. Doel and S. Everett and I. Ferrero and B. Flaugher and D. Friedel and J. Frieman and J. García-Bellido and E. Gaztanaga and D. Gruen and G. Gutierrez and S. R. Hinton and D. L. Hollowood and K. Honscheid and K. Kuehn and N. Kuropatkin and O. Lahav and M. Lima and F. Menanteau and R. Miquel and A. Palmese and F. Paz-Chinchón and M. E. S. Pereira and A. Pieres and A. A. Plazas Malagón and J. Prat and M. Rodriguez-Monroy and A. K. Romer and A. Roodman and E. Sanchez and V. Scarpine and I. Sevilla-Noarbe and M. Smith and E. Suchyta and M. E. C. Swanson and G. Tarle and D. Thomas and T. N. Varga},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2204.05924},
year = {2023}
}