The notion of deconfinement in two d=1 models, the Schwinger model and the Heisenberg chain, is re-examined. Both have half-asymptotic excitations (where particles and antiparticles must alternate) and also truly asymptotic particles which are half as many in number. The two kinds of particles are related by a complicated transformation. The main purpose of this note is to highlight the relationship between asymptotic and half-asymptotic particles. The relevance of our findings to higher dimensions is briefly discussed.
@article{arxiv.cond-mat/0508242,
title = {Deconfinement in d=1: A closer look},
author = {R. Shankar and Ganpathy Murthy},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:cond-mat/0508242},
year = {2013}
}